0:00 Introduction
2:31 Pollution Pests Humans Temperature
4:26 Perpetually stressed tree.
4:36 Insect biology 101
6:14 Fungal biology 101
6:55 Most urban trees are stressed physically and physiologically
7:53 Forest tent caterpillar (Malacasoma disstria)
8:22 Forest tent caterpillar life cycle
9:03 Forest tent caterpillar outbreaks are cyclical
10:06 Eastern tent caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum) Tent!
11:28 Tent caterpillar management
12:48 Fall cankerworm life cycle
13:21 Fall cankerworm management
14:53 Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar)
16:18 Gypsy moth life stages
18:38 Emerald ash borer range
20:11 EAB: What to look for
22:53 Emerald ash borer management
24:17 EAB chemical control
24:59 Healthy trees have value!
31:46 Black twig borer (Xylosandrus compactus)
31:58 Black twig borer damage
33:54 Laurel wilt hosts
34:50 Laurel wilt management
35:59 Armored scales
36:19 Wax scales
38:38 Crepe myrtle bark scale distribution
39:23 Scale management
41:08 Spotted lanternfly locations
42:51 Strong preference for tree-of-heaven
44:33 Butt (and Root) Rot
46:11 Conks at base of tree (year 2)
46:54 Palm Problems key
Dr. David Coyle's presentation on "Insect and Fungal Pests in Urban Trees" covers several key points:
- Urban trees face various environmental challenges, including precipitation, wind, pollution, and temperature differences compared to natural areas. These factors can stress trees, making them more susceptible to pests.
- Temperature plays a crucial role in tree health. Warmer nights lead to more water loss from leaves, affecting photosynthesis and energy storage. This stress can lead to a perpetually stressed tree, unable to make and store as much energy as it would like.
- Insects, particularly ectotherms (insects whose temperature is influenced by the outside temperature), grow faster and larger in warmer environments. This can lead to increased pest populations and more damage to urban trees.
- Fungal growth also increases with rising temperatures, contributing to the stress on urban trees.
- Urban trees are more susceptible to defoliating insects like the forest tent caterpillar and the Eastern tent caterpillar, which can cause significant damage and stress to the trees.
- The emerald ash borer (EAB) is a significant threat to ash trees in urban areas, causing extensive damage and death.
- Bark beetles and ambrosia beetles are other pests that attack stress trees, consuming the tree's phloem or creating galleries within the tree, leading to further stress and potential death.
- Laurel wilt, spread by the red bay ambrosia beetle, is a devastating disease affecting lauraceae trees, including bay trees, camphor trees, and avocado trees.
- Scale insects, such as the crape myrtle bark scale, can cause significant damage and stress to trees, especially in urban areas.
- Spotted lanternflies are a potential major pest of fruit trees and vines, causing significant damage and stress.
- Bud and root rots, such as Ganoderma, are secondary pests that feed on dead tissue, contributing to the decline of trees that are already stressed or damaged.
- The presentation emphasizes the importance of good tree care, including proper planting, watering, and pest management, to mitigate the impact of pests and environmental stress on urban trees.
