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"A Mighty Fortress" is one of the best loved hymns of the Lutheran and Protestant traditions. It has been called the "Battle Hymn of the Reformation" for the effect it had in increasing the support for the Reformers' cause. John Julian records four theories of its origin.
Heinrich Heine: it was sung by Luther and his companions as they entered Worms on April 16, 1521 for the Diet;
K.F.T. Schneider: it was a tribute to Luther's friend Leonhard Kaiser, who was executed on August 16, 1527;
Jean-Henri Merle d'Aubigné: it was sung by the German Lutheran princes as they entered Augsburg for the Diet in 1530 at which the Augsburg Confession was presented; and the view that it was composed in connection with the Diet of Speyer (1529) at which the German Lutheran princes lodged their protest to Emperor Charles V, who wanted to enforce his Edict of Worms (1521).
Alternatively, John M. Merriman writes that the hymn "began as a martial song to inspire soldiers against the Ottoman forces" during the Ottoman wars in Europe.

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