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In this insightful discussion with PTI editors, Mrutyunjay Mohapatra, Director General of the India Meteorological Department (IMD), sheds light on the transformation of weather forecasting through the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). Mohapatra highlights IMD's initiatives to bolster observational systems, including the deployment of a network of 39 Doppler weather radars covering 85% of India's landmass. These advancements enable hourly forecasts for major cities and facilitate mesoscale weather predictions down to the panchayat level, spanning over 10 sq km areas. The incorporation of AI is set to revolutionize forecasting models, leveraging historical weather data dating back to 1901 to extract valuable insights for improved accuracy. Mohapatra underscores the collaborative relationship between AI and numerical forecasting models, emphasizing their complementary roles in enhancing prediction capabilities. Moreover, he addresses the imperative of delivering hyper-localized forecasts tailored to sector-specific needs in agriculture, health, urban planning, hydrology, and environment. Amidst the challenges posed by climate change-induced phenomena, such as convective clouds impacting local communities, IMD strategically employs Doppler weather radars to enhance forecast accuracy for extreme events like heavy rainfall and cyclones. Through a data-driven approach, IMD aims to harness the power of AI and ML to navigate the complexities of weather prediction in the era of information abundance.
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