Born in 699 CE, Imam Abu Hanifah (may God have mercy on him) lived in proximity to the era of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), which afforded him direct access to the firsthand accounts from the Prophet's companions. Initially a tradesman managing a cloth factory, Abu Hanifah was encouraged by scholars, notably Ibrahim al-Nakha'i, to pursue and disseminate religious knowledge. His innate intellectual curiosity and adeptness at synthesizing diverse information led him to establish a school of thought known as the school of opinion (ra'iy). This school emphasized a profound understanding of the Quran and the application of rationality to deduce legal principles. Dr. Shabir Ally points out that Abu Hanifah did not set out to create a new branch of Islamic law; instead, his insightful teachings were organized posthumously by his disciples. Contrasting with other schools that strictly adhered to tradition, Abu Hanifah's methodology was to uncover the underlying principles behind religious actions and teachings, facilitating a flexible and reasoned approach to Islamic law. His principles heavily prioritized the Quran and employed logical criteria to assess the authenticity of hadiths (the sayings and actions of the Prophet). Prominent students like Qadhi Abu Yusuf and Muhammad bin al-Hasan al-Shaybani were instrumental in advancing his educational legacy. Abu Hanifah passed away in 767 at the age of 68, having devoted his life to education and justice, enduring imprisonment for opposing what he considered to be injustice and tyranny.
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