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Indirect Object Shift Transformations
Read the next group of sentences and see what kind of transformation is going on.

Tom sent a message to Steve. (DS) Tom sent Steve a message. (SS)
I gave the present to Tom. (DS) I gave Tom the present. (SS)
Hamiad threw the ball to Thanavut. (DS) Hamiad threw Thanavut the ball. (SS)
This transformation is called Indirect Object Shift. Can you list the two steps that will take us from the deep structure to the surface structure?
1. object of preposition is placed after verb
2. preposition is deleted


1. The dean presented several faculty members a teaching excellence award.

2. Most insurance sales associates give their customers pressure speeches.

3. The mayor gave three firefighters special honors from San Bernardino.

4. My parents gave my older brother a car when he was young.

5. The manager will lend Lara his car.

6. Santa Clause brought me coal me when I was kid.

7. More than satisfied with the service, the patron left the server a lucrative tip.

8. Finally, I found my sister-in-law a nice gift.

9. After about two weeks, I sent my teammate a new pair of running shoes.

10. Kentaro found his parents a couple of hotel rooms when they visited.

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