Normally, the Eye conjunctiva contains a network of very fine blood vessels. The underlying sclera is white. Therefore, inflammatory processes in the eye can cause dilation or hemorrhage of these small blood vessels and it causes red eye. That’s why, Red eyes can arise as a manifestation of many different diseases.
Conjunctivitis:
Conjunctivitis is the most common cause of a red, irritated eye. Pain is minimal, and visual acuity is reduced only slightly. If conjunctivitis is caused by viruses, watery discharge is presented, And mild foreign-body sensation is common.
If conjunctivitis is caused by bacteria discharge is mucopurulent. Photophobia also can be presented.
The viral infection may be associated with other symptoms of a common cold.
Both viral and bacterial cases are easily spread between people.
The most common cause of conjunctivitis is a viral infection, especially adenovirus.
Treatment:
Viral Conjunctivitis is self resolved. Bacterial conjunctivitis, Mild cases can be treated with: broad-spectrum topical antibiotics such as sulfacetamide 10%, or a trimethoprim-polymyxin combination.
Prevention is partly by handwashing.
Allergic Conjunctivitis:
Allergic Conjunctivitis is an extremely common condition, affects 20 percent of the population, and commonly is mistaken for infectious conjunctivitis. Symptoms are itching, redness, epiphora, watery eyes, edema (swelling) of the conjunctiva, and foreign body sensation with pain.
The cause of allergic conjunctivitis is an allergic reaction to an allergen. Common allergens are:
Pollen from trees, grass, and ragweed, Animal skin and secretions, Perfumes and cosmetics, medications, and air pollutants.
The palpebral conjunctiva may become hypertrophic and it gets a Cobblestone appearance. It is called cobblestone papillae.
In many cases allergic conjunctivitis is combined with allergic rhinitis.
Treatment:
Avoid allergens if possible.
Antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, or dual-activity drugs are safe and usually effective.
Corticosteroids are reserved for more severe cases of inflammation.
Dry eye syndrome;
Dry eye syndrome caused by either decreased tear production or increased tear film evaporation.
Dry eye syndrome is also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
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Corneal abrasion:
Corneal abrasion is a scratch to the surface of the cornea of the eye. The cornea is the transparent front layer of the eye that covers the iris and pupil. Cornea is optical, lens like structure and it refracts light Towards midline.
Symptoms of Corneal Abrasion include: pain, redness, light sensitivity, and a feeling like a foreign body is in the eye. In case of corneal abrasion foreign body within the eye should be ruled out.
Commonly, The cause of Corneal abrasion is trauma to the surface of the eye. Fo example poket by a finger, itching too much, or wearing old contact lenses.
diagnosis is often by slit lamp examination after fluorescein dye has been applied.
Most people recover completely within three days.
Treatment is typically with antibiotic ointment. In those who wear contact lenses a fluoroquinolone antibiotic is often recommended.
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage:
Blepharitis:
Blepharitis refers to inflammation of the eyelids. The eyelid margins usually are colonized heavily by the bacteria staphylococci.
Upon close inspection, they appear inflamed, with scaling, reddening, and crusting of the eyelid.
Symptoms include inflammation, irritation, itchiness, a burning sensation, excessive tearing, and crusting and sticking of eyelids.
Routine washing of the eyelids helps subdue symptoms and prevent blepharitis. Washing each eyelid for 30 seconds, twice a day, with a single drop of hypoallergenic soap
Treatment:
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