This video provides a lesson on glycolysis pathway. In glycolysis pathway, one molecule of glucose is broken down in to two molecules of pyruvate. Glycolysis takes place in all cells with mitochondria as well as tissues such brain, kidney exercising muscles and cells such as red blood cells (lack mitochondria) and sperm cells. Glycolysis pathway consists of total reactions: investment phase (consumes 2ATP), splitting phase and energy yielding phase (synthesizes 4ATP). There three irreversible reactions of glycolysis, which are highly regulated. The first irreversible reaction, where glucose is phosphorylated to G-6-P with the help of enzyme glucokinase/hexokinase. In the second irreversible reaction, fructose—6-phosphate is phosphorylated to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by the enzyme phosphofructokinase-1. In the last irreversible reaction, phsphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate by the enzyme pyruvate kinase. Furthermore, NADH generated during the conversion of glyceraldehye-3-phospate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, must be reoxidised to NAD+ in order for glycolysis to continue. During aerobic glycolysis, pyruvate is oxidised to acetal CoA, whereas during anaerobic glycolysis, pyruvate is reduced to lactate.

The following topics are covered in this lesson,

1. What is glycolysis
2. Reactions of glycolysis
3. Phases of glycolysis (energy investment, splitting and energy yielding phase)
4. Glucose transporters (GLUTS)
5. Hexokinase and glucokinase
6. Phosphofructokinase
7. Pyruvate kinase
8. Substrate-level-phosphorylation
9. Dehydrogenases enzyme
10. Mutase enzyme
11. Oxidation-reduction reaction
12. Lactic acidosis
13. Aerobic glycolysis
14. Anaerobic glycolysis
15. Alcohol fermentation

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