In this intense debate, Albert Einstein and Immanuel Kant clash over the existence of free will. Einstein, with his belief in determinism, argues that human actions are governed by the unbreakable laws of physics and causality, making free will nothing more than an illusion. Kant, the philosopher of reason and morality, insists that true freedom lies in our capacity to act according to rational principles, beyond mere physical impulses. Without autonomy, he argues, concepts like ethics and responsibility would lose all meaning.

Their passionate exchange pits Einstein’s scientific realism against Kant’s belief in moral freedom, raising fundamental questions about human nature, accountability, and the very essence of what it means to be human.

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