Sun spots are the tiny dots of hyperpigmentation or increase in the colour of the skin mainly because of sun exposure. So does it occur in each and every one? It occurs in people who are genetically more predisposed to it and then in people who are more expose d to the sun and sometimes it is part of the normal ageing process. S o what can be done to prevent and treat it? How we can prevent is by regular application of sunscreen. The moment I say sunscreen , the question is what is the SPF. For Indian skin type SPF of 15 or more is more than enough, what is important is proper application of sunscreen. Apply a thick film a all over the skin. You don’t have to rub or massage the sunscreen. Just put dots all across your skin and then spread evenly to form a thin even film. Sunscreen forms a barrier and then prevents the penetration of ultraviolet lights into the skin which stimulates the skin cells to produce more melanin. Melanin gives the colour to the skin. So this is the first step in prevention of the sunspots. The existing pigmentation hat is there. We need to remove, we need to use certain creams that contains ingredient s like glycolic acid or retinol. Retinol is my favourite because it is both antiageing, it causes exfoliation of the skin. So whatever pigmentation is there in the superficial skin layers would definitely reduce and the other ingredients like arbutine, kojic acid, these are all skin lightening agents and they help in reducing reduction of melanin. When it comes to freckles or the sun spots, what is most important is Vitamin C and E. They are natural antioxidants and skin lightening agents. So don’t forget to put a serum that contains vitamin C an E and to top up with ferulic acid. This triple combination of Vitamin C , E and ferulic acid is really very useful in preventing or certain extent lightening the sunspots. . Once the sunspots are there, only these treatment don’t help you to pierce the or lightening them. What works is the chemical peels to certain extent because chemical peels will exfoliate the skin to a certain depth. It does not go into the dermis or the second layer of the skin. What is needed is laser toning. Q switched Nd Yag lasers works beautifully in these freckles or the sunspots. The laser light passes onto the skin and it breaks the cells which has the melanin pigment. The pigment that is broken down is engulfed by your body’s own scavenger cells called as macrophages and thereby you see lightening of the skin. So this procedure is done once in a month but even if you have complete clearance of your sunspots. After laser toning or laser treatment, you must not forget your sunscreen, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and retinol because these are the ones to prevent further recurrence of the sunspots. So it is the laser, plus the preventive treatment that will give you a complete clearance and thus prevent the recurrence of the sunspots.

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