Hepatojugular reflux (HJR) is a medical sign that indicates the presence of congestion in the liver. It is elicited by applying firm pressure over the liver, which causes an increase in venous pressure in the hepatic veins. This, in turn, causes a backflow of blood into the jugular veins, which can be visualized as a pulsation or distension of the jugular veins in the neck.

Hepatojugular reflux is often seen in patients with heart failure or liver disease, as these conditions can cause an increase in venous pressure in the liver. It can also be seen in individuals with constrictive pericarditis, a condition in which the pericardium (the sac surrounding the heart) becomes stiff and restricts the filling of the heart.

Hepatojugular reflux is usually assessed during a physical examination and can provide important diagnostic information for the underlying condition. However, it is important to note that HJR can be a non-specific finding and should always be interpreted in the context of other clinical and laboratory findings.

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